High-Stakes Testing, the Standardized Classroom, and the...

â€Å"The world’s greatest problems do not result from people being unable to read and write. They result from people in the world-from different cultures, races, religions, and nations-being unable to get along and to work together to solve the world’s problems.† These statements by James A. Banks have made a profound impact on my view towards multicultural education and the nation’s current trend of standardization and high-stakes testing. Scholarly research shows that the emphasis placed on testing and standards, mandated by the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, is causing teachers to focus entirely on basic skills in reading, writing, and math (Banks Banks, 2010). This focus on basic skills is taking much needed time and attention away†¦show more content†¦Thus, when AYP is based on academic achievement levels, the subgroup rules create negative unintended consequences for the students they were designed to help, by disproportionately subje cting racially diverse schools to sanctions under NCLB.† This consequence also threatens to increase the growing dropout and push-out rates for students in these sub-groups (Darling-Hammond, 2007). This paradox is not just affecting low-income and minority students, but also students in non-minority groups as well. When there is no time for focus on skills that students need to participate in social change, these students will not learn to question practices within society or to work with other students from all different groups and backgrounds in order to effect change. Classes in schools which may contribute to multicultural education, such as social studies and foreign language, are being cut completely in order to spend more time on reading and math (Au, 2009). According to Au (2009), since multi-cultural anti-racist perspectives and content are not deemed legitimate by the high-stakes tests and classroom standards, the end result is that multicultural, anti-racist content and perspectives and not being included in the instruction time or curriculum. This reinforces the notion for white students that they are the dominant group in society, and works against the goals of multicultural education. In hisShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesconceptualize broadly. As the essays in this collection document in detail, paradox pervades the time span we call the twentieth century, no matter how it is temporally delineated. Never before in history, for example, had so many humans enjoyed such high standards of living, and never had so many been so impoverished or died of malnutrition and disease. If the period from the 1870s is included in a long twentieth century (and perhaps even if it is not), migration served as a mode of escape from

In the Year 2025 - 919 Words

The wind blew with a vengeance that night. It entered every window frame and crevice of the old farmhouse. The rickety, rotting boards, that held the sad excuse for a house together, seemed to sing an unbearably heartrending song as they creaked, and the bone chilling wind crept into the house, numbing our stiff bodies. All four of us were huddled together by the somewhat functioning fireplace in the old abandoned farm house. We had been on the run for four days. Our parents, friends and family were all most likely dead. We had witnessed many of our loved ones being slaughtered; we had seen there blood smeared on our home walls, as the law enforcements carried out their orders to eliminate half of America’s population. It is the year 2025 and we were hiding somewhere on the outskirts of St. Louis Missouri. America, the land of the free, America, my home sweet home, America, One Nation indivisible under God, had become corrupted, poisoned and deteriorating. No longer was it a free country, nor were we a free people. We were not free to live, or even attempt to preserve our life. We were accidents. We were wasted pieces of space, who were taking up too much space. I would however, gladly take my old life back despite its hardships, just to see my family again. I would live through anything just to see there faces alive. But I know the only time I’ll see their faces will be in my nightmares, reliving the day the soldiers came and put a bullet in my mother’s heart, a bullet inShow MoreRelatedThe Year 2025 Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesIt’s the year 2025. After years of hard work and sincere studies during my graduation years and clearing the GATE exam, I finally managed to get a decent job in a flourishing Public Sector Unit in my concerned field. Like every other working woman, my routine too is quite jam-packed with a lot of activities. The day begins with a morning walk as a healthy lifestyle has become the need of the hour in the present scenario. I head for work at 9 in the morning. I’ve a very comfortable job and the workRead MoreThe Problem Of Total Joint Force1604 Words   |  7 PagesThe problem the total Joint Force (JF) 2025 will face will be consistent emerging â€Å"gray zone† threats that include hybrid and near peer competitors trying to tip the balance in the global security environment. In addition, as the Department of Defense (DOD) learned from past wars while its resources reduce, the total JF 2025 must adapt and become more agile in countering these emerging threats. The DOD has provided the strategic and military guidance along with associated posturing statements forRead MoreCritical Need For Health Care Workers959 Words   |  4 Pagesassistants is not growing as quickly as needed. By 20 25, it has been predicted that the United States will face an increase in shortage of 46,100 to 90,400 physicians. The growth of nurse practitioners and physician assistants was projected to diminish the shortage of physicians, which will require patient and health system acceptance and more available jobs in health care services. The critical increase of need for specialists in the recent years caused so much attention, and the demand was saidRead MoreThe Shelby County School System s Goals891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Shelby County School system’s goals are more ambitious than any previously set. With the 10-year strategic plan, Destination 2025, designed to enhance the quality of education most accessible to students within Memphis and surrounding counties, if successful it will not only benefit students, but the community as a whole. Target Market Destination 2025 outlines several goals that SCS hopes to achieve. Those goals are as follows, 80% of seniors will be on track to learn in a post-secondary classroomRead MoreThe U. S. Microbiome Therapeutic Market Analysis809 Words   |  4 Pagesgrew 188% from $1.7 million in 2014 to $4.9 million in 2015. It is also estimated to reach $8.1 million in 2016 and $11.3 million in 2017. The U.S. Microbiome therapeutics market share is estimated to 43.4% with a market value of $188.13 million in 2025. The therapy price is estimated to cost $5,000 to $6,000 per patient, for monitoring and affection tracking of Microbiome on the disease. Finally, prices fluctuate from company to another, from place to another and are expected to change overtime.Read MoreEvaluation Of A Simulation At Sunpower Management Team1425 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this session long project is to run a simulation over an 18 year period and analyze the possible outcomes during the simulation. We will have 4 decision points; Decision 1: For years 2008 – 2012, Decision 2: For years 2013 – 2017, Decision 3: For years 2018 -2022 and Decision 4: for years 2023 – 2025. With each decision point, we will look how the simulation impacted profits, market share and module price. Background The SunPower Company is an up and coming manufacturerRead MoreU.s. Joint Forces And The Strategic Direction1677 Words   |  7 Pagesable to rebalance the Joint Force in 2025 if adequate resources are available. Even with adequate funding, combatant commanders will experience considerable challenges operating in the global security environment. The current strategic direction has prompted a shift of military resources to the Asia-Pacific. This trend will continue. Additionally, globalization, cyber-attacks and advances in technology will further challenge the Joint Forces in the next ten years . The U.S. Joint Forces must identifyRead MoreTobacco Smoke And Its Effects On Health1406 Words   |  6 Pagesaddressing a smoking problem in the country. The government adopted the Smoke-free 2025 goal for New Zealand, in March 2011. This response was based on the recommendations of a landmark Parliamentary inquiry by the Maori Affairs select committee. The committee’s report was cle ar that the term ‘smoke-free’ was intended to communicate an aspirational goal and not a commitment to the banning of smoking altogether by 2025. On that basis, the Government agreed with â€Å"the goal of reducing smoking prevalenceRead MoreSaudi American Writing Instruments Potential Sales831 Words   |  4 Pagesproduct life cycle legacy products should be now at its peak period just ready to decay. From the 2015, 2020 and 2025 projection of legacy goods the trend should be decaying or constant. 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Ethics Leadership And Decision Making Organizations and Public

Question: Discuss about the Ethics Leadership And Decision Making Organizations and General Public. Answer: Introduction The ethical practices in business houses have been a raging topic of discussion among the organizations and among the general public as well. When we talk about ethics and ethical working, we tend to look up to the organizational leaders for they are the node of ethical business functioning. Leaders who lead ethically are considered role models and are loved by the employees and the management alike. In order to lead ethically, a leader has to make ethics a priority and choose ethics over anything else in every decision making scenario. The leaders and managers who are ready to stop at nothing today, hardly give a second thought when it comes to making a decision when they have to choose between doing what is ethical and what is going to make money for them (Mihelic, Lipi?nik, Tekavcic, 2010). This has been addressed time and again and therefore and has been an observed phenomenon all over the world. In this essay we are going to study the ethical decision making and in corporate le adership and its effects and consequences and conduct a case analysis of the ethical decision making in the case of Volkswagen which is an automobile manufacturing organization. Volkswagen made it into the headlines world over in the October of 2015 for an unethical practice. This made the organization suffer in more ways than one and the profit that the organization had made by their unethical practices was negated by the bad publicity and the financial losses that they had to incur later on. This makes for an interesting study highlighting the reasons for unethical practices being adopted by the organization and if it benefits the organization or hurts it in the long run (Butts, 2011). We are also going to study the concept of managerial ethics and how they impact the decision making and leadership when facing an ethical dilemma. We are going to evaluate critically these concepts and how an ethical leader makes a difference with his leadership and influences the organizational operations. We will look into how the leaders can lead ethically and how a clear understanding and communication of organizational ethics can ensure organizational efficiency and employee motivation (Heres Lasthuizen, 2010). Ethical dilemma of Volkswagen The German car manufacturing organization Volkswagen was despised by all in the October of 2015 when it was found out that the engineers at Volkswagen had installed a software in their vehicles during the manufacturing process that helped the cars in passing the emission test even though their emission levels were well above the defined limits of the government. This was happening for more than seven years when the United States Environmental Protection Agency conducted a study and discovered this scam. This conspiracy by Volkswagen has resulted in eleven million vehicles I showrooms and roads with emission levels higher than the permissible limits, and millions of Euros in profit for them (Zhou, 2016). This is a clear case of merciless profiteering, exploitation, dishonesty and fraudulent practice. It is also in no way in line with the ethical norms of both society and business. The fraud here was not a moment of weakness or a hasty choice of action by the leaders at Volkswagen, it a was a planned and implemented process knowing full well about the consequences. The software was installed in the vehicles and this was known by the engineers, manufacturers and the leaders of the organization. In the year 2009, Volkswagen won the title of worlds biggest car manufacturer. This was the year when they started with this practice. According to a management professor in Macquarie university, we are mistaken if we believe that the organizations can be ethical (Caria Hermans, 2016). They run for the purpose of making money and will stop at nothing when it comes to profit making. The leaders at Volkswagen decided to take the unfair and easy way when they made this decision and although it was unethical, the only consideration at that time for them was money making. The employees were in line with the leaders and implemented the plan even though they knew of the consequences. IT is not just a failure of ethical leadership on the part of the leaders at Volkswagen, but also a failure on the part of the employees and us as a society. It shows how the organizations will choose profit making over ethical conduct every chance they get and how we have failed as a society to promote ethics and imbibe them in the business operations (The Kansas City Star, 2016). The case of Volkswagen can also be used as a study to understand how deep the effects of unethical conduct can be and how the organizations can run into trouble because of that regardless of their size, reputation and market reach. The CEO of Volkswagen Martin Winterkorn was forced to resign after this incident caught the light of the day. The entire top management was restructured and the legal course of action on them is still in process. The organization later admitted that 11 million diesel cars manufactured between 2009 and 2015 were fitted with the software and had actual emission levels much higher than permissible. The vehicle emission test results for these cars were incorrect and showed lower emission levels at the time of tests and were much higher at the time of actual operations on road. The anomaly was as high as 40 times the emission levels found at the time of testing (Lynch Santos, 2016). Volkswagen is an immensely popular automobile brand and this event led to their defamation and also lead to a feeling of mistrust among their users and followers. The trust that people lost in the organization were evident in the drop registered in the sales figures of Volkswagen and they recalled and reengineered the cars that were declared unfit to run on the roads after conduction of emission tests again. The 6.5 billion Euros that the organization managed to earn unethically were all used up and they are still struggling with the defamation and bad reputation earned due to this incident (Adams, 2015). Ethical decision making and consequences It is very important for the leaders of an organization to behave and make their decisions ethically. This instills trust among the employees towards their leader and strengthens the organizational operations. A leader in an organization has a following among his employees and subordinates and a leader following ethical conduct will ensure the same being carried out among others in the organization. A leader needs to guide the employees and he will only be able to do so if he is ethically inclined and fair in his decision making. An ethical leader is respected and is able to motivate his subordinates to work towards making the organization and the society ethical. Ethical decision making also ensures that the employees have a clear understanding of the organizational working and have a guideline when making decisions. The organizational leader is looked up to by many and has a lot of responsibilities towards the organization and the society. They have the role of a director and need to support the entire organization. Only when they are ethically inclined and have their ethics in place will they be able to do that. The case study above is an example of how the failure at the end of the leaders can be fatal for an organization (Fulmer, 2004). An organization as big as Volkswagen when lead by flawed leadership can be led to a disaster and can face disastrous repercussions. An ethical leader gives shape to the organizational working and impacts the entire organizational set up. A leader who is ethical will understand his responsibilities and will act in accordance to lead the organization in an ethically correct way. Unethical practices may seem to be beneficial and attractive in the short term, but in the long run they only lead to financial and non-financial losses for the organization. They also lead to a bad public image that is impossible to resuscitate and rise again. Organizational leaders are expected to guide and influence the employees. The employees ten d to look up to their leaders and emulate their ways of working (Mullane, 2009). They help in building and shaping the entire environment of the organization and their ethical conduct will result in ethical inclination of the entire organization. It has been proven time and again that leaders that lead ethically command higher levels of respect and contribute to a healthier working environment. Leaders tend to start this chain reaction in the system where every person looks up to and follows every other person and the entire organizational functioning becomes ethical. It not only imparts guidance to the employees when facing dilemmas and decision making, but also saves them from the moral and legal consequences of unethical conduct. Therefore, it becomes even more important for the leaders to ensure ethical organizational working. It makes the employees and the public trust them more and maintain a healthy image and relationship. The unethical way of work may seem to be attractive, alluring and tempting at first, but it results in greater trust and respect for the leaders and the organization. The ethical conduct and rules define the organization and what it stands for (Brown Mitchell, 2010). In the long run this is more rewarding and worthwhile. The leaders who are ethically correct and unfazed can make the organization a better place to work at and to work with. The leaders who are ethically correct in their decision making are revered by the employees and the society and are in demand in the current organizational scenario. They have the ability to shape the organizational functioning and make it healthier, more transparent and fair. This consequently leads to profit for the organization as everyone is willing to work for and with such an organization. They are trusted more by their employees and are looked up to by all. Thus, we can safely say that working and leading in an ethically correct manner empowers the organization and benefits them. This can hap pen if their leaders choose to lead ethically and practice fair decision making (Antonakis, 2003). Managerial ethics Managerial ethics are the set of rules that are set by the top management of the organization in order to define the right and wrong and set the ethical working standards for the organization. The managerial ethics guide the leaders during decision making and help them in leading the employees in the correct way. An ethical environment contributes to a positive work environment. It encourages and supports the employees and helps them in delivering up to their potential and sometimes even more. Any organization can imbibe ethical conduct and ways of working provided they are communicating in the correct manner. The employees also support organizations with ethical ways of working as they ensure fairness and justice. Being ethically correct may not always be easy and may sometimes even lead to making decisions that may be less profiting than the other options, but they are going to pay off in the long run. Even the employees are happier in an ethical organization knowing they will also be treated fairly and ethically always. Leaders who lead ethically have reported higher levels of trust, harmonious organizational environment and a motivated workforce. Being ethically correct is not a days task to be accomplished and checked off the list (Minja, 2011). It is about continuous choices and conscious decision making that leads to better functioning of the organization. Making an organization ethical begins from the top management and the conduct then flows downward. The responsibility of making the organization ethical largely relies with the leaders of the organization (Mehalu Ababa, 2011). This is why more emphasis is laid upon leading in an ethically correct manner. Once the leaders have formed the rules and created the norms for the organizational operations, these rules and norms are then communicated to their subordinates or team members. This entire process may take up time and resources of the organization, but its impact and consequences are going to give r esults continuously in the long run. It not only helps in the development of the organization, but also helps support and growth of its members. There are numerous organizations that are known for their ethical organizational culture and policies and are respected because of that. They have employees willing to work for them and customers who are more than happy to do business with them due to their fair practices. Contrarily, there have been numerous cases of organizations running into losses and even completely shutting down due to their unethical practices. Ethics give the organization a string backbone and act as a pillar of strength for all the decision making (Tanuja, 2017). The organizations can adopt an ethically correct way of work. Some of the measures the organizations can take to do that are given here. The first step that an organization has to take towards becoming ethically sound is setting the rules. The rules need to be set for both the leaders and the employees and they must be clear and unambiguous (Saremi Nezhad, 2014). All the organizational employees must abide by these rules and they can be varied according to organizational functions, strength, place etc. The workplace must treat all the employees equally and fairly and the dos and donts for all must be the same. They must have clear guidelines about the organizational policies, conduct, ways of work, attitudes and leadership. The organizational culture of every organization is different from every other organization. This is due to the difference in their ethics and culture (McNamara, 2016). The written and unwritten rules of the organizations vary and so does their implementation met hod. Thus, it is important that the employees understand and emulate these in their day to day working. The leaders and the employees must not think about quick success and overnight achievements, they must in fact focus on sustainable growth and ethically sound working process. The employees and the leaders, all must know how important organizational ethics are and how their adherence can lead the organization to greater heights. They must keep away from getting involved in scandals, scams and unethical practices and the leaders must lead the organization towards success in the ethical way (McNamara, 2010). Conclusion Ethical leadership, although looks very attractive from the outside, the intricacies involved in practicing ethical leadership are huge. It means choosing the right thing to do always and at every step. It may even mean standing against the odds and sometimes even against the peers for what is the correct thing to do. The leaders and managers who are ready to stop at nothing today, hardly give a second thought when it comes to making a decision when they have to choose between doing what is ethical and what is going to make money for them. This has been addressed time and again and therefore and has been an observed phenomenon all over the world. This essay is written with the intent to understand how ethics shape the course of an organization. Managerial ethics guide the leaders during decision making and help them in leading the employees in the correct way. An ethical environment contributes to a positive work environment. It encourages and supports the employees and helps them in delivering up to their potential and sometimes even more. Any organization can imbibe ethical conduct and ways of working provided they are communicated in the correct manner. Ethical decision making ensures that the employees have a clear understanding of the organizational working and have clear guidelines when making decisions. The organizational leader is looked up to by all their employees and subordinates and he has a lot of responsibilities towards the organization and the society. Leaders have to play the role of a director and need to support the entire organization with their direction and decision making. Only when they are ethically inclined and have their morals in place will they be able to do that. The case study of Volkswagen studied in this essay is an example of how the failure at the end of the leaders can be fatal for an organization. In this essay we have studied the concept of ethics and their role in leadership and organizational decision making. We did a case analysis of Volkswagen and their ethical decision making for the case highlighted in October 2015. The loophole in ethical conduct of the organization led to defamation and legal consequences for the organization. This case highlights the importance of ethical decision making and ethical leadership. We have further analysed how ethical leadership influences the entire decision making for the organization and how ethical working environment encourages the employees. We have also given recommendations on how to effectively practice ethical leadership and how the leaders can make the most out of the organization by ethically commanding and leading in a fair manner and the steps that leaders can take to make the organization ethically inclined. References Adams, C. (2015, December 02). VW scandal: ethics versus profit. Retrieved from https://economia.icaew.com/features/december-2015/ethics-versus-profit Antonakis. (2003). Ethics and Leadership Effectiveness. Retrieved from https://www.ila-net.org/members/directory/downloads/antonakis-ciulla-13.pdf Brown, M., Mitchell, M. (2010). Ethical and Unethical Leadership: Exploring New Avenues for Euture Research. Retrieved from https://media.terry.uga.edu/socrates/publications/2013/05/Brown__Mitchell_2010_Ethical_and_unethical_leadership_BEQ.pdf Butts, J. (2011). Ethics in organizations and leadership. Retrieved from https://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763749761/EthicalLeaderhip.pdf Caria, P., Hermans, M. (2016, January). The Volkswagen case; morally permissible? Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292722292_%27The_Volkswagen%27_case_morally_permissible Fulmer, R. (2004). The Challenge of Ethical Leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 33(3), 307317. Retrieved from https://www.kantakji.com/media/3392/w155.pdf Heres, L., Lasthuizen, K. (2010). Ethical leadership: A variform universal phenomenon. VU University Amsterdam. Retrieved from https://www.law.kuleuven.be/integriteit/egpa/egpa2010/heres-lasthuizen_ethical-leadership-a-variform.pdf Lynch, L., Santos, C. (2016, October 17). VW emissions and the 3 factors that drive ethical breakdown. Retrieved from https://ideas.darden.virginia.edu/2016/10/vw-emissions-and-the-3-factors-that-drive-ethical-breakdown/ McNamara. (2010, October 23). 10 Benefits of Managing Ethics in the Workplace. Retrieved from https://managementhelp.org/blogs/business-ethics/2010/10/23/10-benefits-of-managing-ethics-in-the-workplace/ McNamara, C. (2016). Complete Guide to Ethics Management: An Ethics Toolkit for Managers. Retrieved from https://managementhelp.org/businessethics/ethics-guide.htm Mehalu, K., Ababa, A. (2011). Social Responsibility and Managerial Ethics: A Focus on MNCs. Retrieved from https://www.druckerchallenge.org/fileadmin/user_upload/essays_pdf/kidusmehalu.pdf Mihelic, K., Lipi?nik, B., Tekavcic, M. (2010). Ethical Leadership. International Journal of Management Information Systems, 14(5), 1-12. Retrieved from https://www.cluteinstitute.com/ojs/index.php/IJMIS/article/viewFile/11/9 Minja, D. (2011). Ethical Leadership Practice: The Foundation of Political and Economic Development in Kenya. Retrieved from https://ku.ac.ke/schools/humanities/images/stories/docs/Research/MinjaDavidEthicalLeadership.pdf Mullane, S. (2009). Ethics and leadership. University of Miami. Retrieved from https://www.bus.miami.edu/_assets/files/executive-education/leadership-institute/ethics-and-leadership.pdf Saremi, H., Nezhad, B. (2014, November). Role of ethics in management of organization. International Journal on Advances in Life Sciences, 4(1). Tanuja, A. (2017). Management Ethics: Meaning, Need and Importance. Retrieved from https://www.businessmanagementideas.com/notes/management-notes/corporate-social-responsibility/management-ethics-meaning-need-and-importance/5319 The Kansas City Star. (2016, July 01). VW scandal a case study in bad corporate ethics. Retrieved from https://www.kansascity.com/opinion/editorials/article87287037.html Zhou, A. (2016). Analysis of the Volkswagen Scandal Possible Solutions for Recovery. Retrieved from https://gps.ucsd.edu/_files/faculty/gourevitch/gourevitch_cs_zhou.pdf

The Regulators Of North Carolina - Outraged Opressors Essays

The Regulators of North Carolina - Outraged Opressors The history of colonial North Carolina is bombarded with frequent strife and turmoil. The people of North Carolina, because of a lack in supervision from the British monarchy, learned to possess an independent spirit. The colony remained isolated from the rest of the country because of several geographical conditions such as poor harbors, the abscence of navigable rivers, numerous swamps, and bad road conditions. Due to these conditions, communities throughout North Carolina became widely seperated. The colony was initially set up by the Lords Proprietors, an English founding company that helped finance early American exploration. When North Carolina was freed from British proprietorship, the Granville family, descendants from the original Lords Proprietors, con-tinued to hold their land rights. This area, which became known as the "Granville District," was the scene of many disputes over land grants, taxes, British support, and a great deal of lesser issues. Settlers in the back country (Piedmont) felt particularly oppressed by the laws drawn up by an assembly largely composed of eastern landowners. "Local" officials in many counties, particularly in the western segment of the back country were not local men at all, but friends of the royal governor, William Tryon. These so-called "friends" often collected higher fees than authorized by the law while obtaining tax money or divided a single service into many services and charged fees for each. Lawyers who followed the judges around the colony also fell into the same habit. The citizens of Anson, Orange, and Granville counties were the first to make themselves heard. In 1764, this band of citizens, referred to as the "mob," created a number of local disturbances until Governor Arthur Dobbs passed a proclomation forbidding the collection of illegal fees, the practice that the people complained of the most. Their protests were calmed only temporarily. However, the efects of the new law wore off soon enough and sheriffs and other county officers returned to their old dishonest practices. Citizens complained largely in part because money was so scarce; local trading was almost limited to barter. Often, property was seized and resold, and citizens felt that their property was being sold to a friend of an official for much less than its true value (1). People among the Granville District were anxious to revolt and needed only a leader to provide the spark that led to the fire of the War of Regulation. A man named Hermon Husband became actively involved and was referred to as a leader several times, despite the fact that he was often nothing more than an agitator. Husband reprinted patriotic flyers with messages dealing with taxation withour representation hoping that citizens would call for reform. However, at no time during the Regulation was there an actual leader (2). Orange County was an early center of Regulator activity. Colonel Edmund Fanning, holder of numerous offices in the county including the prominent Clerk of the Recorder's Court at Hillsborough, became a prime target along with Royal Governor William Tryon, who took office in 1765. Tryon was hated because he aimed to use taxes to build Tryon Palace in New Bern, a very costly residence for himself, as well as the seat for the colony's government. The Regulators, "who named themselves after a group of country reformists in South Carolina (3)" shortly after Tryon's announcement to build the palace, had no sympathy with the governor's desire for a fancy residence. The War of Regulation was not limited to Orange County. Outbreaks of violence during the collection of taxes in Anson County and several riots throughout the Granville District were sure signs of what was to come. A group of men, apparently enthusiastic over the success of the Sons of Liberty in resisting the Stamp Act, called citizens together to determine whether they were being treated justly or not. Edmund Fanning denounced this meeting. Little was accomplished at the meeting, but this is where the Regulators proclaimed themselves as a radical political group (4). Minor oppositions continued to occur until the spring of 1768 when the sheriff of Orange County announced he would be collecting taxes at certain areas of the colony only, and if colonists did not pay at