High-Stakes Testing, the Standardized Classroom, and the...

â€Å"The world’s greatest problems do not result from people being unable to read and write. They result from people in the world-from different cultures, races, religions, and nations-being unable to get along and to work together to solve the world’s problems.† These statements by James A. Banks have made a profound impact on my view towards multicultural education and the nation’s current trend of standardization and high-stakes testing. Scholarly research shows that the emphasis placed on testing and standards, mandated by the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, is causing teachers to focus entirely on basic skills in reading, writing, and math (Banks Banks, 2010). This focus on basic skills is taking much needed time and attention away†¦show more content†¦Thus, when AYP is based on academic achievement levels, the subgroup rules create negative unintended consequences for the students they were designed to help, by disproportionately subje cting racially diverse schools to sanctions under NCLB.† This consequence also threatens to increase the growing dropout and push-out rates for students in these sub-groups (Darling-Hammond, 2007). This paradox is not just affecting low-income and minority students, but also students in non-minority groups as well. When there is no time for focus on skills that students need to participate in social change, these students will not learn to question practices within society or to work with other students from all different groups and backgrounds in order to effect change. Classes in schools which may contribute to multicultural education, such as social studies and foreign language, are being cut completely in order to spend more time on reading and math (Au, 2009). According to Au (2009), since multi-cultural anti-racist perspectives and content are not deemed legitimate by the high-stakes tests and classroom standards, the end result is that multicultural, anti-racist content and perspectives and not being included in the instruction time or curriculum. This reinforces the notion for white students that they are the dominant group in society, and works against the goals of multicultural education. In hisShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesconceptualize broadly. As the essays in this collection document in detail, paradox pervades the time span we call the twentieth century, no matter how it is temporally delineated. Never before in history, for example, had so many humans enjoyed such high standards of living, and never had so many been so impoverished or died of malnutrition and disease. If the period from the 1870s is included in a long twentieth century (and perhaps even if it is not), migration served as a mode of escape from

In the Year 2025 - 919 Words

The wind blew with a vengeance that night. It entered every window frame and crevice of the old farmhouse. The rickety, rotting boards, that held the sad excuse for a house together, seemed to sing an unbearably heartrending song as they creaked, and the bone chilling wind crept into the house, numbing our stiff bodies. All four of us were huddled together by the somewhat functioning fireplace in the old abandoned farm house. We had been on the run for four days. Our parents, friends and family were all most likely dead. We had witnessed many of our loved ones being slaughtered; we had seen there blood smeared on our home walls, as the law enforcements carried out their orders to eliminate half of America’s population. It is the year 2025 and we were hiding somewhere on the outskirts of St. Louis Missouri. America, the land of the free, America, my home sweet home, America, One Nation indivisible under God, had become corrupted, poisoned and deteriorating. No longer was it a free country, nor were we a free people. We were not free to live, or even attempt to preserve our life. We were accidents. We were wasted pieces of space, who were taking up too much space. I would however, gladly take my old life back despite its hardships, just to see my family again. I would live through anything just to see there faces alive. But I know the only time I’ll see their faces will be in my nightmares, reliving the day the soldiers came and put a bullet in my mother’s heart, a bullet inShow MoreRelatedThe Year 2025 Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesIt’s the year 2025. After years of hard work and sincere studies during my graduation years and clearing the GATE exam, I finally managed to get a decent job in a flourishing Public Sector Unit in my concerned field. Like every other working woman, my routine too is quite jam-packed with a lot of activities. 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Ethics Leadership And Decision Making Organizations and Public

Question: Discuss about the Ethics Leadership And Decision Making Organizations and General Public. Answer: Introduction The ethical practices in business houses have been a raging topic of discussion among the organizations and among the general public as well. When we talk about ethics and ethical working, we tend to look up to the organizational leaders for they are the node of ethical business functioning. Leaders who lead ethically are considered role models and are loved by the employees and the management alike. In order to lead ethically, a leader has to make ethics a priority and choose ethics over anything else in every decision making scenario. The leaders and managers who are ready to stop at nothing today, hardly give a second thought when it comes to making a decision when they have to choose between doing what is ethical and what is going to make money for them (Mihelic, Lipi?nik, Tekavcic, 2010). This has been addressed time and again and therefore and has been an observed phenomenon all over the world. In this essay we are going to study the ethical decision making and in corporate le adership and its effects and consequences and conduct a case analysis of the ethical decision making in the case of Volkswagen which is an automobile manufacturing organization. Volkswagen made it into the headlines world over in the October of 2015 for an unethical practice. This made the organization suffer in more ways than one and the profit that the organization had made by their unethical practices was negated by the bad publicity and the financial losses that they had to incur later on. This makes for an interesting study highlighting the reasons for unethical practices being adopted by the organization and if it benefits the organization or hurts it in the long run (Butts, 2011). We are also going to study the concept of managerial ethics and how they impact the decision making and leadership when facing an ethical dilemma. We are going to evaluate critically these concepts and how an ethical leader makes a difference with his leadership and influences the organizational operations. We will look into how the leaders can lead ethically and how a clear understanding and communication of organizational ethics can ensure organizational efficiency and employee motivation (Heres Lasthuizen, 2010). Ethical dilemma of Volkswagen The German car manufacturing organization Volkswagen was despised by all in the October of 2015 when it was found out that the engineers at Volkswagen had installed a software in their vehicles during the manufacturing process that helped the cars in passing the emission test even though their emission levels were well above the defined limits of the government. This was happening for more than seven years when the United States Environmental Protection Agency conducted a study and discovered this scam. This conspiracy by Volkswagen has resulted in eleven million vehicles I showrooms and roads with emission levels higher than the permissible limits, and millions of Euros in profit for them (Zhou, 2016). This is a clear case of merciless profiteering, exploitation, dishonesty and fraudulent practice. It is also in no way in line with the ethical norms of both society and business. The fraud here was not a moment of weakness or a hasty choice of action by the leaders at Volkswagen, it a was a planned and implemented process knowing full well about the consequences. The software was installed in the vehicles and this was known by the engineers, manufacturers and the leaders of the organization. In the year 2009, Volkswagen won the title of worlds biggest car manufacturer. This was the year when they started with this practice. According to a management professor in Macquarie university, we are mistaken if we believe that the organizations can be ethical (Caria Hermans, 2016). They run for the purpose of making money and will stop at nothing when it comes to profit making. The leaders at Volkswagen decided to take the unfair and easy way when they made this decision and although it was unethical, the only consideration at that time for them was money making. The employees were in line with the leaders and implemented the plan even though they knew of the consequences. IT is not just a failure of ethical leadership on the part of the leaders at Volkswagen, but also a failure on the part of the employees and us as a society. It shows how the organizations will choose profit making over ethical conduct every chance they get and how we have failed as a society to promote ethics and imbibe them in the business operations (The Kansas City Star, 2016). The case of Volkswagen can also be used as a study to understand how deep the effects of unethical conduct can be and how the organizations can run into trouble because of that regardless of their size, reputation and market reach. The CEO of Volkswagen Martin Winterkorn was forced to resign after this incident caught the light of the day. The entire top management was restructured and the legal course of action on them is still in process. The organization later admitted that 11 million diesel cars manufactured between 2009 and 2015 were fitted with the software and had actual emission levels much higher than permissible. The vehicle emission test results for these cars were incorrect and showed lower emission levels at the time of tests and were much higher at the time of actual operations on road. The anomaly was as high as 40 times the emission levels found at the time of testing (Lynch Santos, 2016). Volkswagen is an immensely popular automobile brand and this event led to their defamation and also lead to a feeling of mistrust among their users and followers. The trust that people lost in the organization were evident in the drop registered in the sales figures of Volkswagen and they recalled and reengineered the cars that were declared unfit to run on the roads after conduction of emission tests again. The 6.5 billion Euros that the organization managed to earn unethically were all used up and they are still struggling with the defamation and bad reputation earned due to this incident (Adams, 2015). Ethical decision making and consequences It is very important for the leaders of an organization to behave and make their decisions ethically. This instills trust among the employees towards their leader and strengthens the organizational operations. A leader in an organization has a following among his employees and subordinates and a leader following ethical conduct will ensure the same being carried out among others in the organization. A leader needs to guide the employees and he will only be able to do so if he is ethically inclined and fair in his decision making. An ethical leader is respected and is able to motivate his subordinates to work towards making the organization and the society ethical. Ethical decision making also ensures that the employees have a clear understanding of the organizational working and have a guideline when making decisions. The organizational leader is looked up to by many and has a lot of responsibilities towards the organization and the society. They have the role of a director and need to support the entire organization. Only when they are ethically inclined and have their ethics in place will they be able to do that. The case study above is an example of how the failure at the end of the leaders can be fatal for an organization (Fulmer, 2004). An organization as big as Volkswagen when lead by flawed leadership can be led to a disaster and can face disastrous repercussions. An ethical leader gives shape to the organizational working and impacts the entire organizational set up. A leader who is ethical will understand his responsibilities and will act in accordance to lead the organization in an ethically correct way. Unethical practices may seem to be beneficial and attractive in the short term, but in the long run they only lead to financial and non-financial losses for the organization. They also lead to a bad public image that is impossible to resuscitate and rise again. Organizational leaders are expected to guide and influence the employees. The employees ten d to look up to their leaders and emulate their ways of working (Mullane, 2009). They help in building and shaping the entire environment of the organization and their ethical conduct will result in ethical inclination of the entire organization. It has been proven time and again that leaders that lead ethically command higher levels of respect and contribute to a healthier working environment. Leaders tend to start this chain reaction in the system where every person looks up to and follows every other person and the entire organizational functioning becomes ethical. It not only imparts guidance to the employees when facing dilemmas and decision making, but also saves them from the moral and legal consequences of unethical conduct. Therefore, it becomes even more important for the leaders to ensure ethical organizational working. It makes the employees and the public trust them more and maintain a healthy image and relationship. The unethical way of work may seem to be attractive, alluring and tempting at first, but it results in greater trust and respect for the leaders and the organization. The ethical conduct and rules define the organization and what it stands for (Brown Mitchell, 2010). In the long run this is more rewarding and worthwhile. The leaders who are ethically correct and unfazed can make the organization a better place to work at and to work with. The leaders who are ethically correct in their decision making are revered by the employees and the society and are in demand in the current organizational scenario. They have the ability to shape the organizational functioning and make it healthier, more transparent and fair. This consequently leads to profit for the organization as everyone is willing to work for and with such an organization. They are trusted more by their employees and are looked up to by all. Thus, we can safely say that working and leading in an ethically correct manner empowers the organization and benefits them. This can hap pen if their leaders choose to lead ethically and practice fair decision making (Antonakis, 2003). Managerial ethics Managerial ethics are the set of rules that are set by the top management of the organization in order to define the right and wrong and set the ethical working standards for the organization. The managerial ethics guide the leaders during decision making and help them in leading the employees in the correct way. An ethical environment contributes to a positive work environment. It encourages and supports the employees and helps them in delivering up to their potential and sometimes even more. Any organization can imbibe ethical conduct and ways of working provided they are communicating in the correct manner. The employees also support organizations with ethical ways of working as they ensure fairness and justice. Being ethically correct may not always be easy and may sometimes even lead to making decisions that may be less profiting than the other options, but they are going to pay off in the long run. Even the employees are happier in an ethical organization knowing they will also be treated fairly and ethically always. Leaders who lead ethically have reported higher levels of trust, harmonious organizational environment and a motivated workforce. Being ethically correct is not a days task to be accomplished and checked off the list (Minja, 2011). It is about continuous choices and conscious decision making that leads to better functioning of the organization. Making an organization ethical begins from the top management and the conduct then flows downward. The responsibility of making the organization ethical largely relies with the leaders of the organization (Mehalu Ababa, 2011). This is why more emphasis is laid upon leading in an ethically correct manner. Once the leaders have formed the rules and created the norms for the organizational operations, these rules and norms are then communicated to their subordinates or team members. This entire process may take up time and resources of the organization, but its impact and consequences are going to give r esults continuously in the long run. It not only helps in the development of the organization, but also helps support and growth of its members. There are numerous organizations that are known for their ethical organizational culture and policies and are respected because of that. They have employees willing to work for them and customers who are more than happy to do business with them due to their fair practices. Contrarily, there have been numerous cases of organizations running into losses and even completely shutting down due to their unethical practices. Ethics give the organization a string backbone and act as a pillar of strength for all the decision making (Tanuja, 2017). The organizations can adopt an ethically correct way of work. Some of the measures the organizations can take to do that are given here. The first step that an organization has to take towards becoming ethically sound is setting the rules. The rules need to be set for both the leaders and the employees and they must be clear and unambiguous (Saremi Nezhad, 2014). All the organizational employees must abide by these rules and they can be varied according to organizational functions, strength, place etc. The workplace must treat all the employees equally and fairly and the dos and donts for all must be the same. They must have clear guidelines about the organizational policies, conduct, ways of work, attitudes and leadership. The organizational culture of every organization is different from every other organization. This is due to the difference in their ethics and culture (McNamara, 2016). The written and unwritten rules of the organizations vary and so does their implementation met hod. Thus, it is important that the employees understand and emulate these in their day to day working. The leaders and the employees must not think about quick success and overnight achievements, they must in fact focus on sustainable growth and ethically sound working process. The employees and the leaders, all must know how important organizational ethics are and how their adherence can lead the organization to greater heights. They must keep away from getting involved in scandals, scams and unethical practices and the leaders must lead the organization towards success in the ethical way (McNamara, 2010). Conclusion Ethical leadership, although looks very attractive from the outside, the intricacies involved in practicing ethical leadership are huge. It means choosing the right thing to do always and at every step. It may even mean standing against the odds and sometimes even against the peers for what is the correct thing to do. The leaders and managers who are ready to stop at nothing today, hardly give a second thought when it comes to making a decision when they have to choose between doing what is ethical and what is going to make money for them. This has been addressed time and again and therefore and has been an observed phenomenon all over the world. This essay is written with the intent to understand how ethics shape the course of an organization. Managerial ethics guide the leaders during decision making and help them in leading the employees in the correct way. An ethical environment contributes to a positive work environment. It encourages and supports the employees and helps them in delivering up to their potential and sometimes even more. Any organization can imbibe ethical conduct and ways of working provided they are communicated in the correct manner. Ethical decision making ensures that the employees have a clear understanding of the organizational working and have clear guidelines when making decisions. The organizational leader is looked up to by all their employees and subordinates and he has a lot of responsibilities towards the organization and the society. Leaders have to play the role of a director and need to support the entire organization with their direction and decision making. Only when they are ethically inclined and have their morals in place will they be able to do that. The case study of Volkswagen studied in this essay is an example of how the failure at the end of the leaders can be fatal for an organization. In this essay we have studied the concept of ethics and their role in leadership and organizational decision making. We did a case analysis of Volkswagen and their ethical decision making for the case highlighted in October 2015. The loophole in ethical conduct of the organization led to defamation and legal consequences for the organization. This case highlights the importance of ethical decision making and ethical leadership. We have further analysed how ethical leadership influences the entire decision making for the organization and how ethical working environment encourages the employees. We have also given recommendations on how to effectively practice ethical leadership and how the leaders can make the most out of the organization by ethically commanding and leading in a fair manner and the steps that leaders can take to make the organization ethically inclined. References Adams, C. (2015, December 02). VW scandal: ethics versus profit. Retrieved from https://economia.icaew.com/features/december-2015/ethics-versus-profit Antonakis. (2003). Ethics and Leadership Effectiveness. Retrieved from https://www.ila-net.org/members/directory/downloads/antonakis-ciulla-13.pdf Brown, M., Mitchell, M. (2010). Ethical and Unethical Leadership: Exploring New Avenues for Euture Research. Retrieved from https://media.terry.uga.edu/socrates/publications/2013/05/Brown__Mitchell_2010_Ethical_and_unethical_leadership_BEQ.pdf Butts, J. (2011). Ethics in organizations and leadership. Retrieved from https://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763749761/EthicalLeaderhip.pdf Caria, P., Hermans, M. (2016, January). The Volkswagen case; morally permissible? Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292722292_%27The_Volkswagen%27_case_morally_permissible Fulmer, R. (2004). The Challenge of Ethical Leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 33(3), 307317. Retrieved from https://www.kantakji.com/media/3392/w155.pdf Heres, L., Lasthuizen, K. (2010). Ethical leadership: A variform universal phenomenon. VU University Amsterdam. Retrieved from https://www.law.kuleuven.be/integriteit/egpa/egpa2010/heres-lasthuizen_ethical-leadership-a-variform.pdf Lynch, L., Santos, C. (2016, October 17). VW emissions and the 3 factors that drive ethical breakdown. Retrieved from https://ideas.darden.virginia.edu/2016/10/vw-emissions-and-the-3-factors-that-drive-ethical-breakdown/ McNamara. (2010, October 23). 10 Benefits of Managing Ethics in the Workplace. Retrieved from https://managementhelp.org/blogs/business-ethics/2010/10/23/10-benefits-of-managing-ethics-in-the-workplace/ McNamara, C. (2016). Complete Guide to Ethics Management: An Ethics Toolkit for Managers. Retrieved from https://managementhelp.org/businessethics/ethics-guide.htm Mehalu, K., Ababa, A. (2011). Social Responsibility and Managerial Ethics: A Focus on MNCs. Retrieved from https://www.druckerchallenge.org/fileadmin/user_upload/essays_pdf/kidusmehalu.pdf Mihelic, K., Lipi?nik, B., Tekavcic, M. (2010). Ethical Leadership. International Journal of Management Information Systems, 14(5), 1-12. Retrieved from https://www.cluteinstitute.com/ojs/index.php/IJMIS/article/viewFile/11/9 Minja, D. (2011). Ethical Leadership Practice: The Foundation of Political and Economic Development in Kenya. Retrieved from https://ku.ac.ke/schools/humanities/images/stories/docs/Research/MinjaDavidEthicalLeadership.pdf Mullane, S. (2009). Ethics and leadership. University of Miami. Retrieved from https://www.bus.miami.edu/_assets/files/executive-education/leadership-institute/ethics-and-leadership.pdf Saremi, H., Nezhad, B. (2014, November). Role of ethics in management of organization. International Journal on Advances in Life Sciences, 4(1). Tanuja, A. (2017). Management Ethics: Meaning, Need and Importance. Retrieved from https://www.businessmanagementideas.com/notes/management-notes/corporate-social-responsibility/management-ethics-meaning-need-and-importance/5319 The Kansas City Star. (2016, July 01). VW scandal a case study in bad corporate ethics. Retrieved from https://www.kansascity.com/opinion/editorials/article87287037.html Zhou, A. (2016). Analysis of the Volkswagen Scandal Possible Solutions for Recovery. Retrieved from https://gps.ucsd.edu/_files/faculty/gourevitch/gourevitch_cs_zhou.pdf

The Regulators Of North Carolina - Outraged Opressors Essays

The Regulators of North Carolina - Outraged Opressors The history of colonial North Carolina is bombarded with frequent strife and turmoil. The people of North Carolina, because of a lack in supervision from the British monarchy, learned to possess an independent spirit. The colony remained isolated from the rest of the country because of several geographical conditions such as poor harbors, the abscence of navigable rivers, numerous swamps, and bad road conditions. Due to these conditions, communities throughout North Carolina became widely seperated. The colony was initially set up by the Lords Proprietors, an English founding company that helped finance early American exploration. When North Carolina was freed from British proprietorship, the Granville family, descendants from the original Lords Proprietors, con-tinued to hold their land rights. This area, which became known as the "Granville District," was the scene of many disputes over land grants, taxes, British support, and a great deal of lesser issues. Settlers in the back country (Piedmont) felt particularly oppressed by the laws drawn up by an assembly largely composed of eastern landowners. "Local" officials in many counties, particularly in the western segment of the back country were not local men at all, but friends of the royal governor, William Tryon. These so-called "friends" often collected higher fees than authorized by the law while obtaining tax money or divided a single service into many services and charged fees for each. Lawyers who followed the judges around the colony also fell into the same habit. The citizens of Anson, Orange, and Granville counties were the first to make themselves heard. In 1764, this band of citizens, referred to as the "mob," created a number of local disturbances until Governor Arthur Dobbs passed a proclomation forbidding the collection of illegal fees, the practice that the people complained of the most. Their protests were calmed only temporarily. However, the efects of the new law wore off soon enough and sheriffs and other county officers returned to their old dishonest practices. Citizens complained largely in part because money was so scarce; local trading was almost limited to barter. Often, property was seized and resold, and citizens felt that their property was being sold to a friend of an official for much less than its true value (1). People among the Granville District were anxious to revolt and needed only a leader to provide the spark that led to the fire of the War of Regulation. A man named Hermon Husband became actively involved and was referred to as a leader several times, despite the fact that he was often nothing more than an agitator. Husband reprinted patriotic flyers with messages dealing with taxation withour representation hoping that citizens would call for reform. However, at no time during the Regulation was there an actual leader (2). Orange County was an early center of Regulator activity. Colonel Edmund Fanning, holder of numerous offices in the county including the prominent Clerk of the Recorder's Court at Hillsborough, became a prime target along with Royal Governor William Tryon, who took office in 1765. Tryon was hated because he aimed to use taxes to build Tryon Palace in New Bern, a very costly residence for himself, as well as the seat for the colony's government. The Regulators, "who named themselves after a group of country reformists in South Carolina (3)" shortly after Tryon's announcement to build the palace, had no sympathy with the governor's desire for a fancy residence. The War of Regulation was not limited to Orange County. Outbreaks of violence during the collection of taxes in Anson County and several riots throughout the Granville District were sure signs of what was to come. A group of men, apparently enthusiastic over the success of the Sons of Liberty in resisting the Stamp Act, called citizens together to determine whether they were being treated justly or not. Edmund Fanning denounced this meeting. Little was accomplished at the meeting, but this is where the Regulators proclaimed themselves as a radical political group (4). Minor oppositions continued to occur until the spring of 1768 when the sheriff of Orange County announced he would be collecting taxes at certain areas of the colony only, and if colonists did not pay at

The hovey and beard company Essays

The hovey and beard company Essays The hovey and beard company Essay The hovey and beard company Essay Question 1. Assume that the preparation period for the new occupation apparatus has merely begun. What changes do you foretell in the degree of end product of the painters? Increase. lessening. or remain the same? Why? Production degrees will remain the same. because the faster production procedure is offset by the demand to larn new processs. 2. What other anticipation sing the behaviour of these painters do you do based upon the state of affairs described so far? Discontentment over holding to larn new processs simplified occupations. and have a group bonus instead than an single inducement. 3. What changes do you now expect in the degree of end product of the painters? Increase. lessening. or remain the same? Why? I expect end product to remain the same because the painters are now comfy executing their occupations. and they have been given input into the decision-making procedure. 4. What changes do you anticipate in the feelings of the painters toward their work state of affairs? More positive. more negative. or no alteration? Why? I expect the painters will be more positive because the painters is more comfy with their occupations. 5. What other anticipations do you do about the behaviour of the painters? I expect that the painters will inquire more input into their occupations. They have been given into the determination devising procedure. 6. How do you experience about the state of affairs at this point? I think the new processs their have learn give a positive consequence harmonizing

Essay on Abortion and Respect Life vs. Catholic Church

Essay on Abortion and Respect Life vs. Catholic Church Essay on Abortion and Respect Life vs. Catholic Church Essay on Abortion and Respect Life vs. Catholic ChurchAbortion is one of the most controversial issues in the US because the conservative part of the US society stands for the legal ban of abortion, while the liberal part of the US society stands for the full legalization of abortion as one of the basic rights of women. The core of the abortion debate is the debate between proponents of abortion, who believe that abortion is essential and women should have the right and opportunity to undergo abortion, and opponents of abortion, who believe that abortion is a sinful, wrong act that should never be practiced at all. In this regard, opponents of abortion represent the religious community mainly. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the position of the Catholic Church is particularly important in the abortion debate because the Catholic Church traditionally stands against abortion, which Catholics view as a sinful act that contradicts to the will of God. The debate betwee n the Catholic Church and proponents of abortion grows stronger as abortion has already become a widely-spread surgery in the US that contradicts to the position of the Catholic Church in this regard. In fact, the Catholic Church stands for its fundamental principles, which respect human life and view it as a gift of God that makes the position of the Catholic Church concerning abortion rigid and unchangeable.The position of the Catholic Church was and still is vulnerable to the severe criticism from the part of proponents of abortion, who believed abortion to be an essential option for women to determine whether to deliver a child or not. Historically, motherhood limited economic and social opportunities of women and feminists, for example, believe that the ban of abortion is the way to set control over women and limit their opportunities of birth control. They believe that women should be free to decide whether they need abortion or not and this is the way for the liberation of wo men because it expands their opportunities for birth control.At the same time, there are more sophisticated arguments that refer to the life and death issues which emerge, in case of pregnancy of women. For example, proponents of abortion insist that pregnancy may threaten to the life of some women. This is why they believe that abortion should be legal and the ban of abortion will put under a threat the life of many women. This position is very strong since it rejects any arguments that there are other tools of birth control but abortion, because there are cases of pregnancy after rape, for example. Hence, abortion seems to be virtually an essential option for women.However, the Catholic Church still insists on the ban of abortion and views it as absolutely unacceptable and sinful act. In fact, there are several key points, which justify the position of the Catholic Church in this regard. First, the Catholic Church views a human life as sacred (Boonin, 2002). Catholics believe that a human life is a gift of God that should be always respected and not a single human has the right to play God and decide whether let a human life to appear or not. In other words, the Catholic Church stands on the ground that humans has no moral right to take a decision on abortion because abortion is the   deprivation of life of the unborn baby. This is why the Catholic Church views abortion as a sort of murder, while murder is one of the greatest sins in Catholic religion.Furthermore, the Catholic Church respects the childbirth and views it as one of the most important and sacred elements of human life on the Earth. In fact, the birth of a child is sacred and highly respected by the Catholic Church because Jesus Christ was born by a human woman and he was the son of God (Hern, 1996). Similarly other babies are also born in a natural way and, if they are born, then this is the will of God. Moreover, the Catholic Church views the childbirth as one of the main elements of the hum an life because the childbirth is one of the major responsibilities of women as well as men. They should live according to divine laws and they should create their families, have children and bring them up with respect to God and Catholic teaching.In addition, the Catholic Church always stood for traditional family values and childbirth comprises an integral part of traditional family values. In fact, children make the family life more purposeful and pleasant for God. This is why the Catholic Church promotes the idea of the childbirth as an essential element of the family life. The idea of abortion contradicts to the idea of the childbirth. Therefore, the Catholic Church insists on the necessity to ban abortion because it undermines traditional family values and lifestyle. In fact, the Catholic Church associated abortion with the downfall of morals in society because abortion leads to the devaluation of family values and it may have a destructive impact on the family life as well as life of individuals. Hence, the position of the Catholic Church to ban abortion is reasonable within the religious framework the Catholic Church operates within.At the individual level, abortion is also unacceptable for the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church stands on the ground that women cannot stop the life of the unborn child through abortion. The Catholic Church rejects the argument of its opponents of unwanted children, as is the case of rapes, for example (Finer, 2005). In response to such arguments, the Catholic Church develops the idea that there are no unwanted children. All children should be wanted by their mothers. Women should not reject their babies, even if they have got pregnant after a rape. Instead, women should be aware of the fact that, if they got pregnant, then this was the will of God. Moreover, the Catholic Church holds the premise that all children are born absolutely pure and women cannot view their children as the cause of their troubles. Instead, they should view them as innocent creatures, which they should take care for and provide for. Therefore, they should not commit abortions but, instead, they should deliver their babies and take care for them.In fact, the Catholic Church rejects all arguments of its opponents. When opponents of abortion remind of the threat to the life and health of women associated with pregnancy and delivery of children, the Catholic Church traditionally refers to the will of God and insists that the contemporary health care system can minimize risks to the life and health of women and women have ample opportunities to avoid pregnancy, if they are aware of risks to their health, instead of murdering unborn babies. At this point, the Catholic Church stands on the ground that abortion is the murder of the unborn child.The position of the Catholic Church originates from the traditional Christian teaching, which makes the respect of life the major priority. This is why the Catholic Church respects every li fe that is born or is going to be born. The life is the most valuable humans have in their life and the Catholic Church view the life as a sacred concept, as a gift of God and as a will of God, which humans cannot change or contradict to. Instead, the Catholic Church is respectful to life because every person has the right to live and other people cannot deprive any person of this right, including unborn children. This is why the Catholic Church insists on the ban of abortion in the US.Thus, abortion is still one of the most debatable issues in the US. The large number of opponents of abortion has a strong religious background because religion tends to reject abortion. In this respect, it is possible to refer to the case of the Catholic Church, which stands against abortion as a sinful act and as a murder of an unborn child. The Catholic Church justifies its position by strong religious and moral concepts. The Catholic Church insists that abortion contradicts to the will of God, vio lates basic moral laws, destroys families and undermines traditional family values. Therefore, abortion has a destructive impact on individuals and the entire society.

International Business - Bicycles and Economy Essay

International Business - Bicycles and Economy - Essay Example The era which was about providing a core product to the customer has gone far behind, also the era of providing the actual product has merely ended, and customers now have more willingness to get the augmented product, which means few frills attached services along with the product as well. Keeping the customer's preferences, likes and dislike, the launch of a cycle would not be that unusual, but the idea is to prepare a plan that could lead to success in various countries. The country selection for the launch of our product is a critical decision, one cannot simply expect to have our product launched in any country and yet it remains a successful launch. Bicycles are common modes of transportations used worldwide specially by students and also people who love racing on bicycles, therefore neither a small country can help us launching our product, nor a big country having a lot of poverty in it can. We all have to think keeping the nature of product and nature of market in the mind. "As the world's economies become more integrated and international business becomes more globalized, the nature of international business management concerns changes as well. New areas of international business research have arisen that could not even have been imagined by observers twenty-five years ago"(Ricks, Wright 687, Vol 25: 1994). The product now has to be la... ntries in which it could gain some market, according to the visual analyses, which should be very accurate, the three countries in which the product should be launched are, United Kingdom, Australia and South Africa. The reason of not launching the product in the countries that are below poverty line is simple, we cannot expect those countries to use our product that are having much lower class which is using cycles that are just serving as a core product, due to poverty these countries might not have been able to afford our product, and also there is a good competition in such countries with their privately made bicycles which people over there are use to. There are however different sort of issues in launching the product in the above mentioned three countries but yet the reward is likely to be fruitful, as these countries serve as a base to make the product well known through out the world and sooner if launching would be successful in these three countries then the product is going to be launched internationally and we are likely to have more contracts from the other countries as well. The most prominent reasons for launching the product in these three countries are that, the people living there are mostly on foot and students use bicycles for traveling short distances, also racing is another feature of these countries, cycles are used commonly in having races there. The other reasons for launching the product in these countries might be related to the economy and living standards, as I have earlier mentioned that our product would not be launched in the countries that are below poverty line, so launching them in much stable countri es is a very good options. It is difficult to say that the economies of these three countries would be anymore disturbed by our

Derm Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Derm Project - Assignment Example Acne Folliculitis Acne, scientifically called Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition. It affects the hair follicles at the chest, face or even the back. It is manifested in the skin as congested pores called comedones, pustules, tender red bumps or cysts. Diagnosis of acne is on the basis of patient history and physical assessment. Initial pathology through microscopy is called microcomedo and, involves open or comedones referred to as blackheads and whiteheads respectively. These include Pillsbury acne grading scale, acne cook scale and acne Leeds technique (Gaeddert, 2003). Folliculitis is a common skin condition which is evident by several minute red or pink bumps predominant in at the hair follicles. This skin condition can affect any part of the body including the back, arms, legs, chest and cheeks. Ranging between 10 - 100 bumps, this skin condition appears as a scatter within the affected area. The spots or bumps can be slightly red indicating an inflammation. Accidental scr atching of the bump reveals a coiled hair engulfed within the bump. Diagnosis of Folliculitis basically involves the assessment of the skin’s appearance (Gaeddert, 2003). On rare instances is skin biopsies required so as to help the dermatologist on diagnosis. Additionally, the skin could be cultured in bacterial media so as to help in detection of the causative agent. Microscopic tests on the skin including fungal tests can be conducted using potassium hydroxide. This procedure helps in determining whether the condition is caused by a fungus or yeast. A histopathological procedure can be conducted to reveal epidermal hyperkeratosis as well as clustering of leukocytes. Rosacea Eczema Rosacea is a thriving skin condition which affects the eyes and the face. It is characterized by reddening of the affected region indicating a possible inflammation as well as emergence of pimples. This dermatological condition is most pronounced in women and individuals with fair skin tone. Usua lly, Rosacea is evident in the age range of between 30 to 60 years. Also termed as acne rosacea, this condition is characterized by symptoms of swollen nose, thick skin, red and itchy eyes. Moreover, there is a stinging facial skin on application of lotions as well as minute red veins on the face. The diagnosis of Rosacea is mostly dependent on physical examination categorized as primary or secondary features. A patient is diagnosed with Rosacea if he or she possesses one of the primary features of persistent flushing, pimples, visible blood vessels. Secondary features are manifest in several subtypes including Papulopustular, Phymatous Erythematotelangiectatic and ocular rosacea (Gaeddert, 2003). Eczema is characterized by vesicles that are small and which contain fluid substance. These vessicles are pimple like and are evident as reddish and swollen. When dried, the fluids leave behind dry patches on the surface of the affected areas. This condition occurs in the facial region in a majority of patients. Eczema can be diagnosed through microscopy. Seborrheic Dermatitis Scalp psoriasis A close relative psoriasis is the seborrheic dermatitis that affects the scalp as well. This condition is inflammatory and it leads to the production of flaky, white to yellowish scabs on the skin. Symptoms of this condition include reddish swollen patches around the nose, armpits and mouth. Others include itching, widespread

Assam faces huge power crisis Essay Example for Free

Assam faces huge power crisis Essay Guwahati: Assam is facing a severe power crisis after a fall in the generation of power by hydel and thermal power stations. Two transmission towers in neighbouring West Bengal were damaged by a devastating storm, which has also led to the shortage. The state is facing a shortage of 403 Megawatt (MW) of power with the peak load hour power demand being 1100 MW as against the available 497 MW, official sources said today. The problem has been further compounded with the damage of transmission towers due to storm last week in Jalpaiguri district in the neighbouring West Bengal that supplies 300 MW power to Assam, the sources said. The power generating stations in the state have also been affected due to the shortage of gas supply for thermal power stations and less availability of water for the hydel power stations, sources said. The Assam Power Distribution Company Limited (APDCL) has been forced to resort to frequent and prolonged power cuts due to the shortage of power generation, they said. The situation was likely to improve within a couple of days as work was on to restore the transmission towers. However, the gap between the demand and supply of power would continue to exist till the state received adequate rainfall, sources added. Guwahati: Acute power shortage has crippled the functioning of normal life throughout Assam since last couple of days. With the temperature showing a rising trend, the people and their works have suffered because of frequent load shedding resorted to by Assam Power Distribution Company Ltd. Sources informed that shortfall in generation at thermal and hydropower plants in the region has precipitated the severe power shortage in the state. Assam needs 1100 MW of power during the peak hours and there is a sever shortage as only about 700 MW is available these days. Similarly, about 500 MW is available during the off peak hours against the demand of over 700 MW during the off peak hours. The state’s share of power from all the Central Sector Generating Stations (CSGS) of the Northeast is 589 MW for this month. However, because of reduced generation from thermal and hydropower plants in Central Sector Generating Stations the state is getting less power from these plants. The reduction in generation is due to short supply of gas to thermal power plants and less availability of water in hydropower plants. The situation is unlikely to change for better in immediate future . Power crisis has affected works in offices and financial institutions in the state. The worst sufferers are however are the laboratories and Information Technology based organisations as their equipment are mostly power dependent. An official of a research unit of Aaranyak, a premier bio-diversity institution said that their all sophisticated equipment are facing hazards due to frequent power cuts resorted to by the power distribution authority. School children in the state are worst hit by the power scarcity, as frequent power cuts have brought the ceiling fans in their classrooms to a stop. Most of the schools in the stat e suffer a lot as they don’t have any alternative sources of power to suffice the power requirements. Assam facing huge power shortage Following this disruption the state has not been able to draw power from outside the region. Assam is heavily dependent on outside sources as its own generation of power abysmally low. The state is facing 450 MW of power shortage during the peak load hours, while its shortfall during the off peak load hours is around 230 MW. Against the demand of 1100MW during peak hour the state is getting 650 MW. Similarly during off peak hours against the demand of 720 MW the state is receiving was 490 MW. The state power utilities are generating 257 MW of power. Industries like tea are taking the beating following this crisis. Power minister, Pradyut Bordoloi has left for North Bengal to supervise the restoration of two towers which has resulted in the breakdown of the grid connectivity. A team of engineers are accompanying the minister. According to state government, Powergrid has started repair work of towers. We have asked Powergrid to restore the same as fast as possible. The power minister will also review the progress of the 750 MW Bongaigaon Thermal Power Station (BTPS). The first unit of this project is likely to be commissioned by the beginning of next year. Projects being planned A 500 MW coal based power plant at Margherita is envisaged through JV/Own. The acquisition of project land and coal linkage matters is on. Further, with a view of exploiting the vast natural gas stock in Assam, it is envisaged to set up large capacity gas based power project at Amguri. However, currently, the project activities are stalled due to non-availability of gas linkage. A 100 MW Namrup Replacement Power Project (NRPP) is also being implemented to replace the oldest gas turbine units of Namrup Thermal Power Plant operating since 1965. On implementation of thermal projects in central sector like 750 MW NTPC’s Bongaigaon Power Project 740 MW Pallatana Project by OTPC in near future, the state’s allocated power share from these projects shall also go a long way in meeting ever growing demand of energy in the state through a suitable balance of Thermal and Hydel power. Electricity demand in Assam is likely to rise to the level of 2293 MW by the end to Twelfth Five Year Plan from the present demand of 1200 MW Anurag Goel Anurag Goel, Commissioner Secretary, IT Power Departments, Government Of Assam, Dispur The own generation of the Assam Power Generation Company Ltd. (APGCL) is around 320 MW and from the share of the Central Sector Generating Stations (CSGSs) viz. NEEPCO, NHPC along with bilateral power, the total import is around 750 MW, thus the total availability of power now stands at only 1070 MW.

Classical Music Instruments :: essays research papers

Woodwinds: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flute: The flute is made in the form of an open cylindrical air column about 66 cm long. Its fundamental pitch is middle C (C4) and it has a range of about three octaves to C7. Sound is produced from a flute by blowing onto a sharp edge, causing air enclosed in a tube to vibrate. The modern flute was developed by Theobald Boehm who experimented with it from 1832 to 1847, desiring to give it a bigger tone. He finally produced a parabolic (bowl-shaped) head joint attached to a cylindrical body with open-standing keys and finger pads to cover large finger holes. Since then, other minor improvements have been made. The modern flute usually has a range from middle C (C4) upward for about three octaves. In Europe flutes are often constructed of wood; silver is commonly used in the United States. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oboe: The oboe is a soprano-range, double-reed woodwind instrument of length 62 cm. Its wooden tube is distinguished by a conical bore expanding at the end into a flaring bell. The modern oboe's range extends from the B-flat below middle C (B3-flat) to the A nearly three octaves higher (A6). Sounding a fifth below the oboe is the English horn and the bass member of this family is the bassoon. A melodic instrument capable of very gentle, expressive passages, the instrument is yet said to take a large amount of air to play. The range of pressure between the softest and loudest sounds is rather small, so careful control of the pressure on the reed is necessary. Traditionally made from African Blackwood, also called grenadille, the instrument is made in three parts. The top joint has 10 holes, three of which are manipulated by the player's left hand. The bottom joint also has 10 holes, three of which the player uses with the right hand. The bell section has two hole s, covered with keys, which are not typically used by the player. Oboes are still hand made by expert craftsmen who are very secretive about the dimensions, size of aperture, etc. used in the construction. The double reed is fashioned from cane which is grown on the east coast of Spain, which is usually dried and aged for several years. The careful fashioning of the double reed is a key part of getting a fine musical sound from the instrument. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clarinet: The clarinet consists of a closed cylindrical air column with a bell-shaped opening at one end. Classical Music Instruments :: essays research papers Woodwinds: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Flute: The flute is made in the form of an open cylindrical air column about 66 cm long. Its fundamental pitch is middle C (C4) and it has a range of about three octaves to C7. Sound is produced from a flute by blowing onto a sharp edge, causing air enclosed in a tube to vibrate. The modern flute was developed by Theobald Boehm who experimented with it from 1832 to 1847, desiring to give it a bigger tone. He finally produced a parabolic (bowl-shaped) head joint attached to a cylindrical body with open-standing keys and finger pads to cover large finger holes. Since then, other minor improvements have been made. The modern flute usually has a range from middle C (C4) upward for about three octaves. In Europe flutes are often constructed of wood; silver is commonly used in the United States. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oboe: The oboe is a soprano-range, double-reed woodwind instrument of length 62 cm. Its wooden tube is distinguished by a conical bore expanding at the end into a flaring bell. The modern oboe's range extends from the B-flat below middle C (B3-flat) to the A nearly three octaves higher (A6). Sounding a fifth below the oboe is the English horn and the bass member of this family is the bassoon. A melodic instrument capable of very gentle, expressive passages, the instrument is yet said to take a large amount of air to play. The range of pressure between the softest and loudest sounds is rather small, so careful control of the pressure on the reed is necessary. Traditionally made from African Blackwood, also called grenadille, the instrument is made in three parts. The top joint has 10 holes, three of which are manipulated by the player's left hand. The bottom joint also has 10 holes, three of which the player uses with the right hand. The bell section has two hole s, covered with keys, which are not typically used by the player. Oboes are still hand made by expert craftsmen who are very secretive about the dimensions, size of aperture, etc. used in the construction. The double reed is fashioned from cane which is grown on the east coast of Spain, which is usually dried and aged for several years. The careful fashioning of the double reed is a key part of getting a fine musical sound from the instrument. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clarinet: The clarinet consists of a closed cylindrical air column with a bell-shaped opening at one end.

Evolution of Disney Princesses Essay

The Disney princess movies are American classics. Like them or hate them, fairytales are common knowledge in America. Why is it so important that Disney drills viewer’s heads with these fairytales, specifically young girls? While all of the Disney princesses offer viwers obvious good morals and life lessons, there are underlying messages in each innocent tale. America is attempting to shape the female youth with their friendly children’s tales. However, as women’s rights are evolving in America, the Disney princesses are evolving too. Disney keeps gender roles separate and concrete in their movies. The explanation for this behavior is the affect it has on the viewers of the films. In the older princess movies such as Snow White, Cinderella, and Sleeping Beauty women’s place in society was clear: you can get a husband if you are beautiful and women should find it enjoyable to cook and clean. Disney is painting a portrait of the perfect woman as being submissive and dependent on other people, mostly men. In the more recent movies such as The Princess and the Frog and Frozen independence and ambition are two focal characteristics of the newer princesses. The evolution of Disney Princesses is due to the change of women’s place in society over time. With each movie the princesses can be directly correlated to the time period and women’s social standing. â€Å"Skin as white as snow, lips as red as blood, and hair as black as ebony.† Snow White, the princess who began it all. She is described as being the most beautiful in all the land, and it seems that this is her most desirable quality. This movie is teaching little girls that as long as they are pretty, boys will want them. Young girls that see Snow White see that she’s beautiful, she’s kind, and she is treated unfairly. But underneath all of those truths, there are some other things she teaches the youth. When she begins living with the seven dwarfs she is the only woman in the house and she now has all of the cooking and cleaning responsibilities. If Prince Charming moved in with the dwarves would they expect him to cook and clean, of course not. This is what Disney is labeling as â€Å"woman’s work† and  subconsciously making young girls think that is there place because Snow White makes it look like fun. The next Disney Princess to take the stage was Cinderella. A girl who is mistreated by her stepmother. Cinderella is kept a slave in her own home, forced to wear rags, and serve her stepfamily. Her biggest dream is to go to the ball where she might just see the Prince. She has no dreams bigger than this? This is teaching young girls that as long as they pretty themselves up they might be able to find a wealthy man to escape their terrible living conditions. And â€Å"Bibbidy Bobbidy Boo† she is free from her misfortune. Climbing the social ladder with her good looks rather than her brain. She is showing that the only way out of her misery is to marry a Prince and be dependent on a man rather than seeking happiness and security outside of other people. Not too long after Cinderella, a new princess is introduced whose main purpose is not to clean or cook. Unfortunately, she is still submissive. This marks the first change in the evolution of the Disney Princesses. Beauty and the Beast, a classic tale of inner beauty. Belle is in search of a life greater than her provincial town she grows up in, but when her father is trapped in a Beast’s castle she trades her life for his. From here on out it is a classic case of Stockholm syndrome. She falls in love with her captor because she can see the good in him. She sees the inner beauty and he sees her outer beauty. Let’s turn the tables. If Belle had been overweight and unattractive, would Disney have made the Beast fall for her because of her inner beauty? Disney is teaching young girls that they should love men for who they are, even if they are â€Å"beastly† and give everyone an equal chance but women have to be a â€Å"beauty† to be loved. â€Å"One day I’ll be part of your world.† The only aspiration the next princess is to completely change herself to be what her man wants her to be. Princess Ariel, The Little Mermaid, is a classic fairytale character that has a very entertaining story. She is a mermaid and she wants to become a human. This is a lovely beginning for a story, until finding out her reasons for wanting to be a human. All she wants is to marry a prince, but he is on land. She  goes to the sea queen who trades her voice for legs for three days. She is to share true love’s kiss with her prince before the third day. She asks the sea queen, â€Å"Without my voice how will I get him to kiss me?† The sea queen replies, â€Å"You have your looks, your pretty face, and don’t underestimate the power of body language.† She is silenced to get a man, literally. Ariel falls into the same perpetuation of men because she falls for Eric based purely on looks. This is Disney dr illing girl’s heads that their worth to a man is amounted to how sexually desirable they are. All of the Disney princesses from the 20th century films encouraged girls to make their biggest goal in life be to find a man, think that all they have to do is be pretty, and rely on others to save them or make their dreams come true. But that is simply not the case with the 21st century Disney Princess movies. There have been four movies: The Princess and the Frog, Tangled, Brave, and Frozen. All of these movies are very different from one another, but the one thing they all have in common in is that the Princesses main goal is not only to find a man. There has been an evolution in what women are expected to be, so Disney has shaped the role model princesses to be what women are supposed to be in society today. The change started with Tiana, The Frog Princess. She was the first Princess to have a real job, and the first one who had a present birth-mother without a father. Her original goal was to open her own restaurant and run it herself. She accomplishes this goal, and is now an entrepreneur. The prince conforms to her dream rather than her conforming to his, as we have seen previous Disney princesses do. She is the first princess to ever do anything for herself and not for a man, she did end up with a Prince, but he was not her ultimate goal. Women today still want to be married and have a family, but they also now have career goals and an independent life from their spouse. Tiana was the first step to teaching young girls to make an independent life for themselves. The second step of Disney Princess evolution was Rapunzel. She had a life goal to see the floating lights, which her parents let float every year on her birthday. A thief came through her window while running away from the  royal guards, but it was not love at first sight like the old princesses. She knocks him out with her frying pan. This shows young girls that they can protect themselves and no longer have to be submissive. She bargained with him so he would help her, and she saves him multiple times during their journey. They spend time during their adventure falling in love with each other’s minds instead of each other’s bodies. In the end, he does come to her rescue but it was an equal relationship. They both put in effort, and they both deserved each other. This is showing young girls that romantic relationships should be equal rather than submissive. It also is telling girls to marry for love rather than money. The third step of Disney Princess evolution was Merida. She is an entirely different kind of princess than all of the other Disney Princesses so far. Her goals are to be able to do whatever activities she wants regardless of if they are â€Å"female activities† or â€Å"male activities.† Most of all, what makes her different is that when she is offered a Prince, she turns it down. She even competes in the competition they have to win her heart, with bows and arrows. She out shoots them (which is a male activity) and wins her own heart. The movie is entirely based around her mending her relationship with her strict mother rather than a quest for love. It sends the message to young girls that they should marry only if they want to and they can do activities that aren’t considered to be for their gender (such as shooting arrows). This was the first Disney Princess movie that did not end with a romantic relationship blooming. In the new Disney Princess movie, Frozen, the Disney Princesses are in entire new light of representing women and their roles in society. This is the newest development in the evolution of Disney Princesses. The most recent steps in the evolution of Disney Princesses are Anna and Elsa from Frozen. Anna sets off on a quest to save her sister Elsa. This quest involves no knight in shining armor to save her. Anna meets a young prince at the beginning of the movie, and she thinks she is in love. But, like in real life, this man is not his first impression. He turns out to try to take her throne and kill her sister. When he tries to kill her sister, Anna saves her and gives her own life in return. They show â€Å"an act of true  love† and it is not romantic. This is a monumental movie for Disney. It has finally overcome it’s obsession with men saving women. This movie is particularly influential for young girls because it promotes familial love instead of romantic love. Young girls now will see that you can be a strong person without having a man by your side. The more recent Disney Princess films have been encouraging familial love instead of only romantic love. The evolution of Disney Princesses is a symbol of more than just women’s rising equality in the world, but also of the world’s newfound open-mindedness. The media teaches us good and bad things about being a woman through the Disney princesses. What could be next? Perhaps there will be a new princess that is overweight and is learning to be comfortable in her own skin, showing girls that beauty is diverse. Now that women’s place in the world is changing, the Disney princesses are too.

First Generation Romantics

Brittani Powell Dr. Matthew DeForrest ENG435/ TR 9:30-10:45 March 1, 2010 Individualism: First Generation Romantics The Romantics were known for their use of the unusual and old-fashioned in their poetry because they were in a very unusual and old-fashioned state of mind when writing their poetry. The Romantics were experimental writers and they lived during a very tough time period, and itshowed in their poetry. The Romantic period had the shortest life span of any literary era in the English language. It lasted 43 years, beginning from 1789 to 1832. It started during the French revolution and ended during the parliamentary reforms, which established a foundation for which still exists in modern day Britain. There were six major Romantics, and they were split into two generations. The first generation consisted of William Blake, William Wordsworth, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The second generation consisted of Percy Bysshe, John Keats, and George Gordon, Lord Byron. These poets were considered old-fashionedbecause they were the first to experiment with this style of writing. There was no one before them, so for influence they had to look back to the past for influence. Even when inventing a new style of writing there still has to be some influence. It is very hard to come up your own completely original literary style. They admired the work of Milton and Shakespeare very much. All the first generation romantics felt those two were the best poets and admired their style. Shakespeare and Milton were very old poets and they influenced the Romantics so their poems came off very old-fashioned and out dated. They used very old English that was hard for people to comprehend, making some people feel the writings were unusual. The Romantics were known for their theories on the connection between nature, the mind, and the imagination. The English Romantics accepted the reality of the link between man and nature in the form of the human imagination as the basis of human understanding, rejecting the scientific world view onmaterialism. Imagination is a force, or energy, that allows such a connection to be made. William Blake saw the human imagination as essential to human understanding of the world they live in; he saw reality as a â€Å"mental construction. According to Blake and the other Romantic poets, â€Å"once the energy of imagination is used effectively to realize the connection between man and nature, the individual gains freedom from the restrictive bonds of unimaginative thought. † The first generation romantics are characterized by their shift in style and subject manner from the Neo Classicalist. The use of satire is rare and the Romantics tend to focus on particular aspects of objects, people, and events instead of the fundamental nature of objects, people and events. One of the most important works pertaining to the change of style during this time was William Wordsworth’s Preface to Lyrical Ballads, which demonstrates Wordsworth’s particular motivations for how he writes the Lyrical Ballads. Notably the subjects of these poems, are â€Å"incidents and situations from common life† verses the normal neoclassical subject of incidents and situations from elevated life, like Alexander Pope’s Rape of the Lock, which is about the aristocracy and not the common people (Norton 266). Wordsworth also changes the style of his poetry when he states, â€Å"The reader will find that personifications of abstract ideas rarely occur in these volumes; and, I hope, are utterly rejected as ordinary device to elevate the style, and rise it above prose†, and â€Å"there will also be found in these volumes little of what is usually called poetic diction; I have take as much pains to avoid it as others ordinarily talk to produce it; this I have done for the reason already alleged, to bring my language near to the language of men, and further, because the pleasure which I have proposed to myself to impart is of a kind very different from what is supposed by many person to be the proper object of poetry† (Norton 267). Wordsworth and other first generation poets take a notable step away from their Neo Classical predecessors by embracing the common people and the common language. First Generation romantics also believe in the possible ability of dreams to clarify real ity, as seen in Coleridge’s Kubla_ Kahn_. Also _Kubla Kahn_,presents a different kind of characterization of the poet. The narrator states, â€Å"I would build that dome in air,† which shows the narrator’s desire to use his words combined with his imagination to create a poem, which is unlike the characterization of the poet in Rassles(Norton 448). In _Biographia Literaria_, Coleridge distinguishes imagination from fancy and even separates imagination further by distinguishing between primary and secondary imagination. Romanticism is often associated with radical individualism, and much Romantic poetry focuses on the struggles of the individual will to break or exceed its social and metaphysical bonds. Millenarianism, on the other hand, consists of the expectation of the fulfillment of God's providential design, in which the place left for individual human agency is limited if not nonexistent. The French Revolution could thus be viewed either as the work of heroic individuals struggling for liberty or as an act of God. The role of an individual as shown in Samuel T. Coleridge’s Religious Musings, is to know thyself; he starts the poem reflecting his Unitarian ideas about the independence of God, who is only One but at the same time He is everything we can feel and see and he equals God with Love. â€Å"There is one Mind, one omnipresent Mind, Omnific. His most holy name is Love† (Lines 105-106). Coleridge repeats two times â€Å"one† to emphasize the Unitarian Idea of the oneness of God. In the lines19-23 he speaks about the disaster of the war, the fight between France and England. A sea of blood bestrewed with wrecks, where mad embattling interests on each other rush/ With unhelmed rage ‘Tis the sublime of man. † You can imagine how terrible the situation was. It was like a disastrous vision, but a necessary vision because after it 1000 y ears of peace had come. According to Coleridge after that God will judge all the nations, â€Å"Our noontide Majesty, to know ourselves, parts and proportions of one wondrous whole! (Lines 127-129). † After this time of violence, a new better time came. The thoughts of the major part of the romantic poets are influenced by the French Revolution when they wrote about religion or other topics. Although at first some writers like Coleridge had a positive view of this violent period, later they changed their opinions because the results were not what they had expected. All the relations between the prophecies and the periods of violence did not come true and they felt disappointed. The French Revolution and the Unitarian tendencies of Coleridge is the key to understanding the major parts of his works and indispensable to understanding his religious point of view. Wordsworth's poetry is distinguished by his straightforward use of language and meter and his natural and often conversational themes and imagery. This is not to say, however, that Wordsworth's ideas are simple. He unites several ideas throughout his poetic works, including the importance of the natural world, transcendentalism and interconnectedness, religion, morality, mortality, memory and the power of the human mind. Wordsworth began publishing in 1793, at the age of 23, with a collection of poetry about a tour he took in the Swiss Alps – Descriptive Sketches. Wordsworth's poetry was a little ahead of its time; however, it instigated Romanticism in England through its emotional nature and its allusions to nature. His work has had a profound legacy on the Victorian and twentieth-century literature as well. Yet his ultimate goal was the betterment of mankind through the discovery of an individual's own joy and emotions. Percy Bysshe Shelly’s first major poetic work was _Queen _Mab. This poem was written early in his career and serves as a foundation to his theory of revolution. Shelly took William Godwin’s idea of â€Å"necessity† and combined it with his own idea of ever-changing nature, to establish the theory that contemporary societal evils would dissolve naturally in time. This was to be coupled with the creation of a moral mentality in people who could envision the ideal goal of a perfect society. The ideal was to be reached incrementally, because Shelley (as a result of Napoleon's actions in the French Revolution), believed that the perfect society could not be obtained immediately through violent revolution. Instead it was to be achieved through nature's evolution and ever-greater numbers of people becoming honorable and imagining a better society. _Queen _Mab was infused with scientific language and naturalizing moral prescriptions for an oppressed humanity in an industrializing world. William Blake, a painter and poet, and one of England’s most famous literary figures. A great predecessor to the Romantics, Blake was a revolutionary and visionary artist and his work represented a decisively new direction in the course the Visual Arts. He expressed an individualized view of humanity that became important to Romanticism. His poetry is described as â€Å"highly individual in style and technique† (Lawall, ed. , 540). To relate to his readers, Blake uses different voices and puts forth his own ideas about human existence. In his poem, The Little Black Boy, Blake uses the voice of a black boy who is confused on how he is different than the white boy. The reader is probably â€Å"painfully† aware of the society’s judgments of black people during this time. The black boy concludes by seeing himself as a protector to the white boy, â€Å"I’ll shade him from the heat till he can bear / To lean in joy upon our father’s knee† (Lawall, ed. , 544). Instead of understanding that white means good and black means bad, the black boy comes up with a new meaning for his black skin (Lawall, ed. 541). Blake uses emotion in his poetry to enhance the reader’s reaction to his works. He also looks to exposethe inner thoughts of the human being. Blake’s individualism within his poetry portrays the ideology that Romanticists sought to convey during this time period. The specialty of William Blake’s work is that he uses numerous literary techniques and devices to articulate his thoughts. He created such literary work because he was a creative thinker, fully conscious of the realities and complexities of experience, particularly the poverty and oppression of the urban world where he spent his most of his life. Still today, his artistic and poetic creations are valued in British culture. The first generation Romantics accepted reality of the link between man and nature, and man as an individual, in the form of the human imagination as the basis of human understanding, rejecting the scientific world view of materialism. The Romantic writer’s attempted to discover hidden unity between man and nature. It is imagination –a force, or energy, that allows such a connection to be made. The realization of this interdependent relationship carries with it a kind of freedom for the individual. William Blake saw the human imagination as essential to human understanding of the world; he saw reality as a â€Å"mental construction. † The Romantics asserted the importance of the individual. Brittani Powell Dr. Matthew DeForrest ENG435/ TR 9:30-10:45 March 1, 2010 Individualism: First Generation Romantics An Annotated Bibliography Damrosch, David, and Kevin Dettmar*. * *The Longman Anthology of British Literature. * New York: Pearson Longman, 2006. Print. This texton British Literature describes the distinction and conviction the first generation of the Romantic writers felt on individualism. The authors give a fresh approach to the study of Romantic Literature edited by scholars in the field. Major prose works are included in their entirety, together with a wealth of poetry and drama, from Blake’s Songs of Innocence and of Experience to Byron’s Manfred —and beyond. The first generation Romantics and their Contemporaries of The Longman Anthology of British Literature is a comprehensive and thoughtfully arranged anthology that offers a rich selection of Blake’s commentaries and influences on the Romantic period. The text also includes Perspectives, Companion Readings, and â€Å"and Its Time† sections which show how major literary writings interrelate with and respond to various social, historical, and cultural events of Great Britain in the Romantic period. With a generous representation of fiction, drama, and poetry, the second edition includes major additions of important works and an expanded illustration program. This text is distinctive in exploring the perspective of the first generation writers and their take on individualism. *Greenblatt, Stephen, and M. H. Abrams. * *The Norton Anthology of English Literature. * New York: W. W. Norton, 2006. Print. The eighth edition of The Norton Anthology of English Literature text comprises six volumes, sold in two sets of three. The first set includes the volumes â€Å"The Middle Ages,† â€Å"The Sixteenth Century and The Early Seventeenth Century,† and â€Å"Restoration and the Eighteenth Century;† the second set includes â€Å"The Romantic Period,† â€Å"The Victorian Age,† and â€Å"The Twentieth Century and After. † The writings are arranged by author, with each author presented chronologically by date of birth. Historical and biographical information is provided in a series of head-notes for each author and in introductions for each of the time periods. Dickinson, Kate Letitia*. *William Blake's Anticipation of the Individualistic Revolution. * Philadelphia: R. West, 1978. Print. * This text on William Blake’s Anticipation of the Individualistic Revolution describes Blake’s struggle for individualism. The author describes Blake’s perspective and full descriptive criticisms on Blake’s works. Wordsworth, William, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Richey, and Daniel Robinson. Lyrical Ballads: and Related *Writings :* Complete Text with Introduction Contexts, Reactions. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002. Print. This collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel T. Coleridge describes a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798 and generally considered to have marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature. Most of the poems in the 1798 edition were written by Wordsworth, with Coleridge contributing only four poems to the collection, including one of his most famous works, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. One of the main themes of â€Å"Lyrical Ballads† is the return to the original state of nature, in which people led a purer and more innocent existence. Wordsworth subscribed to Rousseau's belief that humanity was essentially good but was corrupted by the influence of society. This may be linked with the sentiments spreading through Europe just prior to the French Revolution. *Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, and J. C. C. Mays. **Poetical Works, II. Poems (variorum Text), Parts 1 & 2. * Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 2001. Print. This text describes the three parts of Volume 16 confirm and expand the sense of the Coleridge who has emerged over the past half-century, with implications for English Romantic writing as a whole. This text is distinctive in exploring the works of Coleridge and is written with complete analysis of each poem. Shelley, Percy Bysshe*, Donald H. *Reiman*, and Neil *Fraistat*. * Shelley's Poetry and Prose: Authoritative Texts, Criticism. New York: Norton, 2002. Print. This collection of Shelley’s poetry and prose contains one of the fullest, and certainly the most accurately edited collections of Shelley's poetry and prose available. Shelley is the wild child of English poetry and his determined opposition to tyranny produced a huge variety of poetry, ranging from the rending lament of Keats in Adonais, to the defiant and taut sonnet Ozymandias. The essays in this volume are generally helpful and explain the structures of the poems where useful. They are also refreshingly short. This text distinctively contains 15 brief critical essays, which are among the best explications you'll find of Shelley's work. *Chandler, James. The Cambridge History of English Romantic Literature. * Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 2009. Print. In this text it describes the Romantic period as one of the most creative, intense and turbulent periods of English literature, an age marked by revolution, reaction, and reform in politics, and by the invention of imaginative literature in its distinctively modern form. This History presents an engaging account of six decades of literary production around the turn of the nineteenth century. Reflecting the most up-to-date research, the essays are designed both to provide a narrative of Romantic literature, and to offer new and stimulating readings of the key texts. One group of essays addresses the various locations of literary activity – both in England and, as writers developed their interests in travel and foreign cultures, across the world. A second set of essays traces how texts responded to great historical and social change. With a comprehensive

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